EDIBLE PLANTS

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Rice

Rice is a major food of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. It is a good source of vitamin B, fibre, and protein, but its main constituent is starch. This starch provides energy, which makes it a staple food.

Rice - Oryza sativa

Other Names

DÙyÙ, Tiu, Paroy, Riz, Arr÷s, Ineksa, Reis, Ris, Reis, Riis, Arroz, Rizo, Arroz, Riz, Arroz, Rajs, Rizo, Pagay, Beras, HrÕsgrjÑn, Pantun, Pale, Umuceli, Mpunga, Diri, Riso, rismi, Rizs, Padi, Rijst, Ris, Ris, Ryz, Arroz, Orez, Arrus, Orizi, Riz, Riisi, Ris, Palay, LÏa, Riis, Bugas

Oryza sativa cultivars

Because rice has been cultivated for over 10,000 years and in as many as 80 countries there are almost countless numbers of varieties.

The International Rice Genebank at the International Rice Research Institute has safely conserved around 100,000 varieties of rice. Although these have not yet been taxonomically analysed, Dr. Sackville Hamilton, the head of IRRIÍs T.T. Chang Genetic thinks the true number of varieties could be much more and guesses there could be as many as 500,000 varieties depending on how these are defined.

Below is a small list of cultivars that are widely recognised as being distinct. Even with this small list opinions vary.

Oryza sativa has also been sorted into six groups by Glaszmann (in 1987): japonica, aromatic, indica, aus, rayada, and ashina.

Garris (in 2004) sorted Oryza sativa into five groups; temperate japonica, tropical japonica and aromatic comprise the japonica varieties, while indica and aus comprise the indica varieties.

Here are a handful of varieties used commercially

Basmati Varieties: Pusa Basmati, Kasturi, Haryana Basmati, IET 15391, IET 15392, IET 13846, IET 13548, IET 13549, IET 14131, IET 14132, IET 15833, Basmati 370 (Punjab Basmati), Taraori Basmati (HBC 19), Type 3 (Dehradun Basmati), Karnal Local, Basmati 385, Basmati 386.

Hybrid Varieties: DRRH-1, HRI-120, CORH-1, CORH-2, PHB-1, PHB-71, PA-6201, KRH-1, KRH-2, Pant Sankar Dhan-1, Sahayadri, ADTRH-1, APHR-1, MGR-1, PHR-10, CRH-1 .

Varieties with international commercial demand: Basmati 370, Basmati 386,Type-3, Taraori Basmati (HBC-19), Basmati 217, Ranbir Basmati (IET 11348), Pusa Basmati (IET10364), Punjab Basmati - 1 (Bauni Basmati), Haryana Basmati-1 (HKR-228/IET10367), Mahi sugandha, Kasturi (IET-8580).

More Varieties: Jaya, PR-103, PR-106, PR-113, PR-114, PR-115, PR-116, IR-8, IR-64, HKR-126, Vikas, Pant Dhan-16, Pusa-44, Puja-677, Ratna, BK-190, Jaya, Chambal, Kaveri, Vivek Dhan-82, Palam Dhan-957, China-1039, Ratna, IET-1410, Kesar, Kamod, Kala Badal, Nawabi Kolam, Madumati, Muskh Budgi, Khusabu, Pant Dhan-4, Pant Dhan-12, Pant Dhan-16, Vikas, Sarju-52, Pusa-834, Pusa-2-21, Narendra Usar-3, Narendra-97, Narendra-359, Malviya-36, Mahsuri, Kushal, Bahadur, Ranjit, Kiran, Sudha, Gautam, Rajendra Dhan-201, Turata, Prabhat, Kanak, Janki, Rajshree, Vandana, Ananda, Subhadra, Annapurna, Sakti, Pankaj, T-90, BAM-6, Parijat, CR-1009, CR-1014, Mahalakshmi, Manika, IR-36, IR-42, IR-64, Mansarovar, Pranava, Bhupen, Heera, Duniapet, Kala Sukhdas, Kalanamak, Hansraj, Tilak Chandan, Bindli, Vishnuparag, Sakkarchinni, Lalmati, Badshah Pasand, Badshabhog, Prasad bhog, Malbhog, Ram Tulsi, Mohan bhog, Tulsimanjari, NP 49, T 812, Randhunipagal, Kataribhog, Bansmoti, Sitabhog, Gopalbhog, Govindabhog, Kaminibhog, Kalinga-3, Mahamaya, IR-36, IR-64, Kranti, RS-74-11, Ananda, Aditya, Jaya, Karjat-3, Karjat-184, Ratnagiri-1, Ratnagiri-24, Ratnagiri-71, Ratnagiri-185-2, Sakoli-1, Palghar-1, Chattri, Dubrai, Chinoor, Kali Kamod, Baspatri, Kali Mooch, Kamod 118, Pankhali 203, Kolhapur Scented, Ambemohar 102, Ambemohar 157, Ambemohar 159, Krishnasal, Pankhali 203, Kamod, Jirasel, Pusa-834, Moruteru Sannalu (IET-14348), Jaya, NLR-30491, Suraksha, RGL-2538, NLR-30491, Bhadrakali, Bhadra, KAU-1531, Swarnaprabha, Jyothi, Masoori, Mangla, Prakash, IIT-7575, IIT-8116, IR-30864, Puspa, Hemavati, KHP-5, Akash, Karjana, Mahatriveni, Kairali, ADT-38, ADT-40, ADT-43, PMK-1, PMK-2, TKM-11, CO-47, IR-20, IR-50, Amritsari (HR 22), Sukhda (HR 47), Kaki Rekhalu (HR 59), Kagasali, Sindigi, Local, Jeeraga Samba.

Alternative Uses

Unless you were born on the moon you don't need a website to tell you that rice is edible, so here are some alternative uses.

Rice Bran - The bran is the most nutritious part of rice and provides a good natural source of vitamin B. In Thailand, approximately 40% of the rice bran is extracted for cooking oil. The remaining 60% are utilized in animal feed production. Rice Bran Oil (extracted from the rice bran) - Rice bran oil is a high-quality cooking oil because it could decrease the blood cholesterol level.

Straw - Rice straw has various uses in Thailand. Approximately 10% of the straw are utilized as a medium to grow mushrooms, 50% are used for animal feeds, 30% are used in paper making, and the rest are burnt away in other food production process.

Rice used in Beverage Making - Many alcoholic beverages are made from rice (i.e. broken rice). Some of the examples include sake or saki, traditionally called rice wine, and beer.

Rice Paper - The pith of rice paper trees is used to make rice paper. This type of rice product is particularly used in cigarette wrapping; some are edible, such as those used in wrapping candies.

Rice Glue - Rice glude is made by dissoving a proportional ratio of rice in boiling water.

Rice Husks - Over 90% of the rice husks in Thailand are utilized in fuel for commercial rice mill steam generators. To increase the fuel's effectiveness, rice husks are burned and compressed into briquettes. If carbonized, these briquettes could become a high-quality charcoal.

Related Plants

Although opinions differ, up to 17 species of Oryza have been identified, these include;

References and Links

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